What is PCOS? An Overview

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. The name 'polycystic ovary syndrome' describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form on the ovaries. However, some women with this disorder do not have cysts, while some women without the disorder do develop cysts. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Key features include irregular periods or no periods at all, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and polycystic ovaries. High levels of androgens can result in physical signs, such as excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), severe acne, and male-pattern baldness. Many women with PCOS also struggle with weight gain or have difficulty losing weight. It's also associated with an increased risk of developing other health problems in later life, such as type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol levels. Diagnosis is typically based on having at least two of the three main features: irregular periods, high androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries on an ultrasound scan. Management focuses on lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. Medications can also be prescribed to manage specific symptoms like irregular periods, fertility problems, or excess hair growth. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications.